15AEncontrar significadosFinding Meanings
Cada elemento te da cuatro frases (a, b, c, d). Dos de ellas se combinan para formar una oracion correcta - una empieza con una palabra del vocabulario, la otra completa su definicion. Encierra esas dos letras.
Each item gives you four phrases (a, b, c, d). Two of them combine to make a correct sentence - one starts with a vocabulary word, the other completes its definition. Circle those two letters.
1Extraordinary / very unusualExtraordinary / very unusual
answerEncierra a + d: "An extraordinary idea is one that is very unusual."Circle a + d: "An extraordinary idea is one that is very unusual."
2Envelop / cover completelyEnvelop / cover completely
answerEncierra d + a: "To envelop something is to cover it completely."Circle d + a: "To envelop something is to cover it completely."
heads upNo confundas con envelope (sobre de carta) ni con analyze (que aparece en la opcion c).Don't confuse with envelope (the letter cover) or with analyze (which appears in option c).
3Mere / nothing more thanMere / nothing more than
answerEncierra a + c: "To be a mere child is to be nothing more than a child."Circle a + c: "To be a mere child is to be nothing more than a child."
4Trace / mark left behindTrace / mark left behind
answerEncierra d + b: "A trace is a mark left behind by something."Circle d + b: "A trace is a mark left behind by something."
5Composed / does not get upsetComposed / does not get upset
answerEncierra a + c: "A composed witness is one who does not get upset."Circle a + c: "A composed witness is one who does not get upset."
tipAqui composed usa el significado #3: calmado, en control de si mismo.Here composed uses meaning #3: calm, in control of oneself.
6Scale / series of musical notesScale / series of musical notes
answerEncierra c + b: "A scale is a series of musical notes."Circle c + b: "A scale is a series of musical notes."
tipEsta es una cuarta acepcion de scale que no esta en la tarjeta de vocabulario: una escala musical es la serie de notas que sube de Do a Si.This is a fourth meaning of scale not on your vocab card: a musical scale is the series of notes from C up to B.
7Apprehension / worry about what might happenApprehension / worry about what might happen
answerEncierra b + a: "Apprehension is worry about what might happen."Circle b + a: "Apprehension is worry about what might happen."
8Disk / thin, circular objectDisk / thin, circular object
answerEncierra b + c: "A disk is any thin, circular object."Circle b + c: "A disk is any thin, circular object."
9Analysis / breaking down the whole into partsAnalysis / breaking down the whole into parts
answerEncierra a + d: "Analysis is a breaking down of the whole into parts."Circle a + d: "Analysis is a breaking down of the whole into parts."
10Exist / be real rather than imaginaryExist / be real rather than imaginary
answerEncierra a + d: "To exist is to be real rather than imaginary."Circle a + d: "To exist is to be real rather than imaginary."
15BLa palabra exactaJust the Right Word
Cada oracion tiene un grupo de palabras subrayadas (en el libro). Reemplazalo con UNA palabra del vocabulario que diga lo mismo. Quiza necesites cambiar la forma de la palabra (anadir -ed, -ing, etc.).
Each sentence has an underlined phrase (in the book). Replace it with ONE word from the vocabulary list that means the same thing. You may need to change the form of the word (add -ed, -ing, etc.).
Estrategia
Strategy
Lee la oracion una vez con la frase larga. Luego pregunta: "¿que palabra de mi lista significa esto?" Si dudas, mira la lista de vocabulario al lado y prueba cada candidata mentalmente en la oracion.
Read the sentence once with the long phrase. Then ask: "which word on my list means this?" If you're stuck, glance at the vocab list to the side and try each candidate in the sentence mentally.
1"I became worried about what might have happened when I didn't hear from you.""I became worried about what might have happened when I didn't hear from you."
answerapprehensive
why"Worried about what might happen" es exactamente la definicion de apprehensive. La oracion completa: "I became apprehensive when I didn't hear from you.""Worried about what might happen" is exactly the definition of apprehensive. Full sentence: "I became apprehensive when I didn't hear from you."
2"On a series of steps numbered from one to ten, the judges rated the performance a seven.""On a series of steps numbered from one to ten, the judges rated the performance a seven."
answerscale
whyScale en su sentido de medicion: "una escala del 1 al 10". Oracion completa: "On a scale of one to ten, the judges rated the performance a seven."Scale in its measuring sense: "a scale of 1 to 10." Full sentence: "On a scale of one to ten, the judges rated the performance a seven."
3"Extreme heat and pressure caused the metal plates to join together as a single sheet.""Extreme heat and pressure caused the metal plates to join together as a single sheet."
answerfuse
whyFuse = unirse en uno solo, generalmente por calor. Oracion completa: "Extreme heat and pressure caused the metal plates to fuse."Fuse = to join into one, usually by heat. Full sentence: "Extreme heat and pressure caused the metal plates to fuse."
4"A microscope revealed very small amounts of bacteria in the water.""A microscope revealed very small amounts of bacteria in the water."
answertraces (plural)(plural)
whyTrace (sustantivo) = una cantidad muy pequena. En plural porque hay multiples bacterias. Oracion completa: "A microscope revealed traces of bacteria in the water."Trace (noun) = a very small amount. Plural here because there are multiple bacteria. Full sentence: "A microscope revealed traces of bacteria in the water."
5"The moon travels in a circular path around Earth once every 27.3 days.""The moon travels in a circular path around Earth once every 27.3 days."
answerrevolves around
whyRevolve = moverse en un camino circular alrededor de otro objeto. Oracion completa: "The moon revolves around Earth once every 27.3 days."Revolve = to move in a circular path around another object. Full sentence: "The moon revolves around Earth once every 27.3 days."
6"About a hundred pairs of condors still are to be found in the wild in the United States.""About a hundred pairs of condors still are to be found in the wild in the United States."
answerstill exist
whyExist = ser real, estar presente en la realidad. Oracion completa: "About a hundred pairs of condors still exist in the wild in the United States."Exist = to be real, present in reality. Full sentence: "About a hundred pairs of condors still exist in the wild in the United States."
7"Mozart began creating musical works when he was five years old.""Mozart began creating musical works when he was five years old."
answercomposing
whyCompose, significado #2: crear musica o poesia. Oracion completa: "Mozart began composing when he was five years old."Compose, meaning #2: to create music or poetry. Full sentence: "Mozart began composing when he was five years old."
8"Some of the energy that provides my house with electricity is from the sun.""Some of the energy that provides my house with electricity is from the sun."
answersolar
whySolar = que tiene que ver con el sol. Oracion completa: "Some of the energy that provides my house with electricity is solar."Solar = having to do with the sun. Full sentence: "Some of the energy that provides my house with electricity is solar."
9"To find the speed at which something travels, you need to know distance traveled and time taken.""To find the speed at which something travels, you need to know distance traveled and time taken."
answervelocity
whyVelocity = velocidad, el ritmo al que algo se mueve. Oracion completa: "To find the velocity, you need to know distance traveled and time taken."Velocity = speed, the rate at which something moves. Full sentence: "To find the velocity, you need to know distance traveled and time taken."
10"Because our birthdays occurred on the same day, we decided to throw a party together.""Because our birthdays occurred on the same day, we decided to throw a party together."
answercoincided
whyCoincide = ocurrir al mismo tiempo. Pasado: coincided. Oracion completa: "Because our birthdays coincided, we decided to throw a party together."Coincide = to happen at the same time. Past tense: coincided. Full sentence: "Because our birthdays coincided, we decided to throw a party together."
Si te piden escribir tus propias oraciones
If You're Asked to Write Your Own Sentences
A veces la maestra pide una tarea separada: escribe 5 oraciones usando palabras del vocabulario. Para que cuente, cada oracion debe mostrar el significado de la palabra, no solo incluirla. Compara:
Sometimes the teacher gives a separate assignment: write 5 sentences using vocabulary words. For it to count, each sentence has to show the word's meaning, not just include the word. Compare:
-
Debil: "I was apprehensive." (no muestra de que se trataba la preocupacion)
Weak: "I was apprehensive." (doesn't show what the worry was about)
-
Fuerte: "I was apprehensive about my math test because I hadn't studied the new chapter." (muestra por que y de que.)
Strong: "I was apprehensive about my math test because I hadn't studied the new chapter." (shows why and about what.)
Buenas palabras para empezar (faciles de mostrar en accion): apprehensive, revolve, compose, fuse, coincide.
Good words to start with (easy to show in action): apprehensive, revolve, compose, fuse, coincide.
15CAplicar significadosApplying Meanings
Cada pregunta puede tener mas de una respuesta correcta. Encierra cada letra que aplique. El razonamiento esta incluido para que veas por que cada opcion funciona o no.
Each question can have more than one correct answer. Circle every letter that fits. The reasoning is included so you can see why each option does or doesn't work.
1¿Cual de los siguientes puede ser analyzed?Which of the following can be analyzed?
answera, b, c
whyLas muestras de roca, las causas de una guerra, y la sangre se pueden descomponer en partes para estudiarlas. La duracion del dia es solo una medida fija (24 horas) - no hay nada que analizar.Rock samples, causes of a war, and blood can all be broken down into parts for study. The length of the day is just a fixed measurement (24 hours) - there's nothing to analyze.
2¿Cual de los siguientes podria ser traced?Which of the following could be traced?
answera, b, c, d (los cuatro)(all four)
whyTrace tiene varios significados: copiar siguiendo las lineas (el contorno de una peninsula), seguir el rastro hacia atras (una historia familiar, un pariente perdido), o seguir el camino fisico (una carta perdida en el correo). Los cuatro encajan.Trace has multiple meanings: copying by following the lines (an outline), tracking backwards (family history, a long-lost relative), or following the physical path (a missing letter through the postal system). All four fit.
3¿Cual de los siguientes podria revolve?Which of the following might revolve?
answera, b
whyUna puerta giratoria (revolving door) y un planeta orbitando una estrella. Un pedestal y un arbol estan fijos en su lugar - no giran.A revolving door and a planet orbiting a star. A pedestal and a tree are fixed in place - they don't move in circular paths.
4¿Cual de los siguientes seria extraordinary?Which of the following would be extraordinary?
answerb, c, d
whyUn loro que habla es comun (no es extraordinary). Un pez que camina, un universitario de catorce anos y un sandwich de seis metros - todos son extremadamente fuera de lo comun.A talking parrot is common (not extraordinary). A walking fish, a fourteen-year-old college student, and a twenty-foot sandwich - all extremely out of the ordinary.
5¿Cual de los siguientes exists hoy en dia?Which of the following exists today?
answera, c
whyLos tiranos todavia existen en algunos paises, y los sentimientos son reales. Los unicornios son criaturas miticas; los dinosaurios estan extintos.Tyrants still exist in some countries, and feelings are real. Unicorns are mythical; dinosaurs are extinct.
6¿Cual de los siguientes es un disk?Which of the following is a disk?
answera, d
whyUna moneda es plana y circular - es un disk. La luna llena vista desde la Tierra parece un disco plano. Una pelota de softball es esferica (no plana). Un billete de dolar es rectangular.A coin is flat and circular - it's a disk. The full moon as seen from Earth appears as a flat disk. A softball is spherical (not flat). A dollar bill is rectangular.
7¿Cual de los siguientes puede ser composed?Which of the following can be composed?
answerb, c, d
whyUna persona puede compose herself (calmarse - significado #3). Una respuesta y un poema se pueden compose (crear - significado #2). Un sueno te ocurre, no lo compones.A person can compose herself (calm down - meaning #3). A reply and a poem can be composed (created - meaning #2). A dream happens to you, you don't compose it.
8¿Cual de los siguientes podria ser scaled?Which of the following could be scaled?
answera, b, d
whyEl terreno (montana, acantilado), una cerca, y una escalera - todos se pueden trepar (scale como verbo = trepar). La pobreza es un concepto, no se trepa.Terrain (a mountain, cliff), a fence, and a ladder - all can be climbed (scale as a verb = to climb). Poverty is a concept, not something you climb.
15EPreguntas del pasajePassage Questions
Cada entrada abajo te indica donde se esconde la respuesta en el pasaje y muestra que palabra de vocabulario encaja mejor. Las respuestas de ejemplo son modelos - la tuya debe estar en tus propias palabras.
Each entry below points you to where the answer hides in the passage and shows which vocabulary word fits best. The example answers are models - your own should be in your own words.
1¿Por que el sol pudo haber hecho que los pueblos antiguos se sintieran apprehensive?Why might the sun have made ancient peoples apprehensive?
passage clue"They also believed that eclipses of the sun could cause hazardous conditions on Earth.""They also believed that eclipses of the sun could cause hazardous conditions on Earth."
exampleLos pueblos antiguos pudieron sentirse apprehensive porque creian que los eclipses del sol podian causar terremotos, erupciones volcanicas u otros desastres.Ancient peoples might have felt apprehensive because they believed that eclipses of the sun could cause earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or other disasters.
vocab usedapprehensive (ya esta en la pregunta)apprehensive (already in question)
2¿Como pudieron haberse sentido los pueblos antiguos sobre un eclipse del sol?How might ancient peoples have felt about an eclipse of the sun?
passage clueEl pasaje dice que los eclipses se asociaban con condiciones peligrosas. Para los pueblos antiguos un eclipse seria un evento muy raro.The passage says eclipses were associated with hazardous conditions. For ancient peoples an eclipse would be a very rare event.
examplePudieron pensar que el eclipse era un evento extraordinary - aterrador y misterioso, quiza una senal de los dioses o de un desastre por venir.They might have thought the eclipse was an extraordinary event - terrifying and mysterious, perhaps a sign from the gods or of a coming disaster.
vocab usedextraordinaryextraordinary
3¿Con cuales dos formas de energia solar estamos mas familiarizados?With which two forms of solar energy are we most familiar?
passage clue"This energy reaches Earth in many forms; the two most familiar to us are heat and light.""This energy reaches Earth in many forms; the two most familiar to us are heat and light."
exampleLas dos formas de energia solar mas familiares para nosotros son el calor (heat) y la luz (light).The two most familiar forms of solar energy are heat and light.
vocab usedsolar (ya esta en la pregunta)solar (already in question)
4¿Cual es el significado de exist tal como se usa en el pasaje?What is the meaning of exist as it is used in the passage?
passage clue"without its energy, life on Earth could not exist.""without its energy, life on Earth could not exist."
exampleAqui, exist significa ser real o estar presente. La oracion dice que sin la energia del sol, la vida en la Tierra no podria ser real - no podria estar aqui.Here, exist means to be real or present. The sentence says that without the sun's energy, life on Earth could not be real - could not be here.
tipPregunta de definicion. Usa tus propias palabras.Definition question. Use your own words.
5¿Cual es la relacion del movimiento de la Tierra con el sol?What is the relationship of Earth's movement to the sun?
passage clueEl pasaje dice que la gente creia que el sol giraba alrededor de la Tierra, pero ya sabemos que es al reves: la Tierra gira alrededor del sol.The passage says people used to believe the sun revolved around Earth, but we now know it's the other way around: Earth revolves around the sun.
exampleLa Tierra revolves alrededor del sol. Aunque los pueblos antiguos creian lo contrario, sabemos ahora que la Tierra es la que sigue una orbita alrededor del sol, no al reves.Earth revolves around the sun. Although ancient peoples believed the opposite, we now know that Earth is the one that follows an orbit around the sun, not the other way around.
vocab usedrevolve (revolves)revolve (revolves)
6¿Por que crees que el autor dice que el sol esta a una mere 93 millones de millas?Why do you think the author says that the sun is a mere 93 million miles away?
passage clueEl siguiente parrafo compara la distancia del sol con la de Proxima Centauri (4 anos luz, mas de 13 mil millones de millas a escala).The next paragraph compares the sun's distance with that of Proxima Centauri (4 light-years, over 13 billion miles to scale).
exampleEl autor usa mere porque, aunque 93 millones de millas suena enorme para nosotros, es muy poco comparado con las distancias entre las estrellas. Comparado con Proxima Centauri (la siguiente estrella mas cercana, a mas de 4 anos luz), el sol esta practicamente al lado de la Tierra.The author uses mere because, although 93 million miles sounds huge to us, it's tiny compared to the distances between stars. Compared with Proxima Centauri (the next closest star, over 4 light-years away), the sun is practically next door.
vocab usedmere (ya esta en la pregunta)mere (already in question)
7¿Cual es el significado de traces tal como se usa en el pasaje?What is the meaning of traces as it is used in the passage?
passage clue"It contains a much smaller amount of helium and minute traces of other elements.""It contains a much smaller amount of helium and minute traces of other elements."
exampleAqui, traces significa cantidades muy pequenas. El sol esta hecho casi por completo de hidrogeno y un poco de helio - los otros elementos solo aparecen en cantidades minimas.Here, traces means very small amounts. The sun is almost entirely hydrogen and some helium - other elements appear only in tiny quantities.
tipPregunta de definicion. Usa el significado de "cantidad muy pequena," no el significado de "marca dejada atras."Definition question. Use the "very small amount" meaning, not the "mark left behind" meaning.
8¿Que tan rapido viaja la luz?How fast does light travel?
passage clue"Light travels at a velocity of 186,000 miles per second.""Light travels at a velocity of 186,000 miles per second."
exampleLa luz viaja a una velocity de 186,000 millas por segundo. La luz del sol tarda solo ocho minutos en llegar a la Tierra.Light travels at a velocity of 186,000 miles per second. Sunlight takes only eight minutes to reach Earth.
vocab usedvelocityvelocity
9¿Que les pasa a los atomos de hidrogeno a temperaturas muy altas?What happens to hydrogen atoms at very high temperatures?
passage clue"hydrogen atoms fuse and are transformed into helium atoms, giving off energy as they do so.""hydrogen atoms fuse and are transformed into helium atoms, giving off energy as they do so."
exampleA temperaturas muy altas, los atomos de hidrogeno fuse y se transforman en atomos de helio, liberando energia en el proceso. Esa energia es lo que sentimos como calor y luz del sol.At very high temperatures, hydrogen atoms fuse and turn into helium atoms, releasing energy in the process. That energy is what we feel as the sun's heat and light.
vocab usedfusefuse
10¿Como saben los cientificos de que esta hecho el sol?How do scientists know what the sun is made of?
passage clue"By analyzing the sun's light, scientists discovered the main elements that make up the sun.""By analyzing the sun's light, scientists discovered the main elements that make up the sun."
exampleLos cientificos analyze la luz del sol para descubrir de que esta hecho. Cada elemento quimico produce un patron unico cuando se calienta - asi que estudiando la luz, pueden identificar que elementos estan presentes.Scientists analyze the sun's light to figure out what it's made of. Each chemical element produces a unique pattern when heated - so by studying the light, they can identify which elements are present.
vocab usedanalyzeanalyze
11¿Cual es el significado de scale tal como se usa en el pasaje?What is the meaning of scale as it is used in the passage?
passage clue"If we imagine the sun diminished to the size of an orange, Earth on this same scale would be twenty-six feet from the sun.""If we imagine the sun diminished to the size of an orange, Earth on this same scale would be twenty-six feet from the sun."
exampleAqui scale significa proporcion - una manera de comparar tamanos manteniendo la misma razon. Si el sol fuera del tamano de una naranja, la Tierra a la misma scale seria un puntito a 26 pies de distancia.Here scale means proportion - a way to compare sizes while keeping the same ratio. If the sun were the size of an orange, Earth at the same scale would be a tiny dot 26 feet away.
tipPregunta de definicion. No es la escama de un pez ni trepar - es el sentido de "proporcion para comparar tamanos."Definition question. Not the fish-scale or climbing meaning - it's the "proportion for comparing sizes" sense.
12¿Esta relacionada la erupcion de un volcan durante un eclipse con el eclipse mismo?Is the eruption of a volcano during an eclipse related to the eclipse?
passage clue"This belief perhaps resulted from the coincidence of an earthquake or volcanic eruption occurring during an eclipse.""This belief perhaps resulted from the coincidence of an earthquake or volcanic eruption occurring during an eclipse."
exampleNo, no estan relacionados. Que un volcan haga erupcion al mismo tiempo que ocurre un eclipse es solo una coincidence - los dos eventos suceden al mismo tiempo por casualidad, no porque uno cause el otro.No, they are not related. A volcano erupting at the same time as an eclipse is only a coincidence - the two events happen at the same time by chance, not because one causes the other.
vocab usedcoincide (coincidence)coincide (coincidence)
13¿Como se ve el sol durante un eclipse total?How does the sun appear during a total eclipse?
passage clue"In photographs taken at such times the sun appears as a black disk surrounded by tremendous flames leaping from its surface.""In photographs taken at such times the sun appears as a black disk surrounded by tremendous flames leaping from its surface."
exampleDurante un eclipse total, el sol aparece como un disk negro rodeado de enormes llamas que saltan de su superficie. Estas llamas pueden alcanzar 120,000 millas de altura - casi la mitad de la distancia entre la Tierra y la luna.During a total eclipse, the sun appears as a black disk surrounded by huge flames leaping from its surface. These flames can reach 120,000 miles in height - almost half the distance from Earth to the moon.
vocab useddiskdisk
14¿Cual es el significado de composed tal como se usa en el pasaje?What is the meaning of composed as it is used in the passage?
passage clue"They found that the sun is composed almost entirely of hydrogen.""They found that the sun is composed almost entirely of hydrogen."
exampleAqui, composed significa "hecho de" o "formado por." Es el significado #1 de la palabra: hacer algo combinando partes. El sol esta formado casi por completo de hidrogeno.Here, composed means "made up of" or "made by combining." It's meaning #1 of the word: to make something by combining parts. The sun is made up almost entirely of hydrogen.
tipPregunta de definicion. Importante: composed aqui NO es "calmado" ni "escribir musica" - es "estar formado por algo."Definition question. Important: composed here is NOT "calm" or "to write music" - it's "to be made up of something."
15¿Que tan grande se hara el sol cuando empiece a expandirse?How large will the sun get when it starts to expand?
passage clue"It will finally become so enormous that it will envelop the planets closest to it, including our own Earth.""It will finally become so enormous that it will envelop the planets closest to it, including our own Earth."
exampleEl sol se hara tan enorme que va a envelop los planetas mas cercanos, incluida la Tierra. Pero esto no pasara hasta dentro de unos cinco mil millones de anos, asi que no hay razon para sentirse apprehensive ahora.The sun will get so enormous that it will envelop the closest planets, including Earth. But this won't happen for another five billion years, so there's no reason to feel apprehensive now.
vocab usedenvelopenvelop
Rastreador de palabras de vocabulario
Vocabulary Word Tracker
Cada palabra debe aparecer solo una vez entre las 15 respuestas. Asi es como las usan las respuestas de ejemplo arriba:
Each word should appear only once across the 15 answers. Here's how the example answers above use them:
Palabras que aparecieron en las preguntas mismas: apprehensive (Q1), solar (Q3), exist (Q4), mere (Q6), traces (Q7), scale (Q11), composed (Q14).
Words that appeared in the questions themselves: apprehensive (Q1), solar (Q3), exist (Q4), mere (Q6), traces (Q7), scale (Q11), composed (Q14).
Palabras anadidas en las respuestas de ejemplo: extraordinary (Q2), revolve (Q5), velocity (Q8), fuse (Q9), analyze (Q10), coincide/coincidence (Q12), disk (Q13), envelop (Q15).
Words added in the example answers: extraordinary (Q2), revolve (Q5), velocity (Q8), fuse (Q9), analyze (Q10), coincide/coincidence (Q12), disk (Q13), envelop (Q15).
Eso cubre las 15. Si tus propias respuestas usan las palabras de manera diferente, esta bien - solo asegurate de que ninguna se repita.
That covers all 15. If your own answers use the words differently, that's fine - just make sure none gets repeated.